在Android客户端使用Web3j创建钱包、导入钱包时都可能会产生OOM,相关issue在Github上已经有所提及: https://github.com/web3j/web3j/issues/299 。这个问题在Web3j 3.0版本以前是没有的,由于新版的Web3j使用spongycastle库替换了lambdaworks库,虽然在效率上提升了速度,但存在Android端的兼容性问题。
本项目代码地址: https://github.com/uncleleonfan/WalletOOM.git
创建钱包OOM解决
在创建钱包时,如果创建一个Full Wallet,则会导致OOM:
public void onCreateFullWallet(View view) { String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/full"; File file = new File(filePath); file.mkdirs(); try { WalletUtils.generateFullNewWalletFile("a12345678", file); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (CipherException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
Log如下:
"Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Failed to allocate a 1036 byte allocation with 16777216 free bytes and 48MB until OOM; failed due to fragmentation (required continguous free 16384 bytes for a new buffer where largest contiguous free 8192 bytes)",
"\tat org.spongycastle.util.Arrays.clone(Arrays.java:602)",
"\tat org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.SMix(SCrypt.java:126)",
"\tat org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.MFcrypt(SCrypt.java:87)",
"\tat org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.generate(SCrypt.java:66)",
"\tat org.web3j.crypto.Wallet.generateDerivedScryptKey(Wallet.java:136)",
"\tat org.web3j.crypto.Wallet.create(Wallet.java:74)",
"\tat org.web3j.crypto.Wallet.createStandard(Wallet.java:93)",
"\tat org.web3j.crypto.WalletUtils.generateWalletFile(WalletUtils.java:61)"
generateFullNewWalletFile里面会调用createStandard创建钱包,使用N_STANDARD,P_STANDARD来配置加密强度,直接影响需使用的内存大小,最终导致OOM的发生。
public static WalletFile createStandard(String password, ECKeyPair ecKeyPair) throws CipherException { return create(password, ecKeyPair, N_STANDARD, P_STANDARD); }
解决方法非常简单,创建一个Light Wallet即可:
public void onCreateLightWallet(View view) { String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/light"; File file = new File(filePath); file.mkdirs(); try { WalletUtils.generateLightNewWalletFile("a12345678", file); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (CipherException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
generateLightNewWalletFile会调用createLight来创建一个轻钱包,使用N_LIGHT,P_LIGHT,他们在数值上相对较小,所以不会OOM。
public static WalletFile createLight(String password, ECKeyPair ecKeyPair) throws CipherException { return create(password, ecKeyPair, N_LIGHT, P_LIGHT); }
我们可以对比一下N_STANDARD和P_STANDARD, N_LIGHT和P_LIGHT的大小:
private static final int N_LIGHT = 1 << 12; private static final int P_LIGHT = 6; private static final int N_STANDARD = 1 << 18; private static final int P_STANDARD = 1;
导入钱包OOM解决
当我们导入一个轻钱包时,不会产生OOM,但导入不是一个轻钱包时,则有可能产生OOM。例如,我们使用Imtoken创建一个钱包并导出Keystore,Keystore如下:
{"address":"9a2e2419f3af050d4730f80e7a65b9f8deb5e16f","crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","cipherparams":{"iv":"eaccea79c27a91e307f24988186ef21a"},"ciphertext":"a163e532edf2d76beaee5c26fd2c2fab071a9cb37627aa185ac89e223e41ab97","kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"dklen":32,"n":65536,"p":1,"r":8,"salt":"6a847392a029553f4152dea7bb0b6fb0ac9eec29f55e572fe94603182f5ed7f1"},"mac":"3fad2a31e18c611b10df84db9ae368ce2e189b5c35e9f111e40ca4b4bfb02491"},"id":"032c47c2-c7b7-46f8-a3f7-f526580f6f09","version":3}
可以看到,其中n为65536,p为1,而轻钱包的n为1<<12,即2的12次方,4096,所以这不是一个轻钱包。
我们将该Keystore作为一个json文件push到SD卡中,然后使用Web3j进行导入:
public void onImportWallet(View view) { try { //需提前将assets目录下的keystore.json文件推送到手机SD里面 String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/keystore.json"; File file = new File(filePath); WalletUtils.loadCredentials("a12345678", file); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (CipherException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
发现同样会OOM:
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Failed to allocate a 1036 byte allocation with 13588800 free bytes and 12MB until OOM; failed due to fragmentation (required continguous free 16384 bytes for a new buffer where largest contiguous free 12288 bytes)
at org.spongycastle.util.Arrays.clone(Arrays.java:602)
at org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.SMix(SCrypt.java:126)
at org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.MFcrypt(SCrypt.java:87)
at org.spongycastle.crypto.generators.SCrypt.generate(SCrypt.java:66)
at org.web3j.crypto.Wallet.generateDerivedScryptKey(Wallet.java:136)
at org.web3j.crypto.Wallet.decrypt(Wallet.java:214)
at org.web3j.crypto.WalletUtils.loadCredentials(WalletUtils.java:112)
通过log可以看出来,这里和创建钱包的OOM是一样的,都是最后调用generateDerivedScryptKey后导致:
private static byte[] generateDerivedScryptKey( byte[] password, byte[] salt, int n, int r, int p, int dkLen) throws CipherException { return SCrypt.generate(password, salt, n, r, p, dkLen); }
创建钱包可以创建一个轻钱包,导入钱包总不能让用户换一个轻钱包来导入吧。这里,我们只能还是换回lambda库来完成keystore的编解码, 即我们可以自己写一个generateDerivedScryptKey方法,将spongycastle的SCrypt换成lambda的SCrypt。我们使用MyWalletUtils和MyWallet共同完成该任务。
public void onImportWallet(View view) { try { //需提前将assets目录下的keystore.json文件推送到手机SD里面 String filePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/keystore.json"; File file = new File(filePath); Credentials credentials = MyWalletUtils.loadCredentials("a12345678", file); Log.d(TAG, "address:" + credentials.getAddress()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (CipherException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public class MyWalletUtils { public static Credentials loadCredentials(String password, File source) throws IOException, CipherException { WalletFile walletFile = objectMapper.readValue(source, WalletFile.class); return Credentials.create(MyWallet.decrypt(password, walletFile)); } } public class MyWallet { private static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 3; private static final String CIPHER = "aes-128-ctr"; static final String AES_128_CTR = "pbkdf2"; static final String SCRYPT = "scrypt"; private static byte[] generateDerivedScryptKey( byte[] password, byte[] salt, int n, int r, int p, int dkLen) { try { return SCrypt.scrypt(password, salt, n, r, p, dkLen); } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } }
按照以上方法处理之后,就可以解决OOM,但是用户等待的时间会稍微长一点,另外,最好还是添加一下Android平台的libscrpt.so库,大家可在本项目的jniLibs中找到。
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