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Spring Boot Security 结合 JWT 实现无状态的分布式API接口

简介

JSON Web Token（缩写 JWT）是目前最流行的跨域认证解决方案。JSON Web Token 入门教程 这篇文章可以帮你了解JWT的概念。本文重点讲解Spring Boot 结合 jwt ，来实现前后端分离中，接口的安全调用。

Spring Security，这是一种基于 Spring AOP 和 Servlet 过滤器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解决方案，同时在 Web 请求级和方法调用级处理身份确认和授权。

快速上手

之前的文章已经对 Spring Security 进行了讲解，这一节对涉及到 Spring Security 的配置不详细讲解。若不了解 Spring Security 先移步到 Spring Boot Security 详解。

建表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role_permission`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `permission`;

CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) 
);
CREATE TABLE `role` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) 
);
CREATE TABLE `user_role` (
`user_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
`role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE `role_permission` (
`role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
`permission_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE `permission` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`url` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`description` varchar(255) NULL,
`pid` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) 
);

INSERT INTO user (id, username, password) VALUES (1,'user','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e'); 
INSERT INTO user (id, username , password) VALUES (2,'admin','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e'); 
INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (1,'USER');
INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (2,'ADMIN');
INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (1,'/user/hi','',0);
INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (2,'/admin/hi','',0);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 1);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 2);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 1);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 2);

项目结构

resources
|___application.yml
java
|___com
| |____gf
| | |____SpringbootJwtApplication.java
| | |____config
| | | |____.DS_Store
| | | |____SecurityConfig.java
| | | |____MyFilterSecurityInterceptor.java
| | | |____MyInvocationSecurityMetadataSourceService.java
| | | |____MyAccessDecisionManager.java
| | |____entity
| | | |____User.java
| | | |____RolePermisson.java
| | | |____Role.java
| | |____mapper
| | | |____PermissionMapper.java
| | | |____UserMapper.java
| | | |____RoleMapper.java
| | |____utils
| | | |____JwtTokenUtil.java
| | |____controller
| | | |____AuthController.java
| | |____filter
| | | |____JwtTokenFilter.java
| | |____service
| | | |____impl
| | | | |____AuthServiceImpl.java
| | | | |____UserDetailsServiceImpl.java
| | | |____AuthService.java

关键代码

pom.xml

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
 <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
 <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
 <version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
 <groupId>mysql</groupId>
 <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
 <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
 <version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>

application.yml

spring:
 datasource:
 driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
 url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-security-jwt?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
 username: root
 password: root
SecurityConfig
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
 @Autowired
 private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
 @Autowired
 public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
 //校验用户
 auth.userDetailsService( userDetailsService ).passwordEncoder( new PasswordEncoder() {
  //对密码进行加密
  @Override
  public String encode(CharSequence charSequence) {
  System.out.println(charSequence.toString());
  return DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes());
  }
  //对密码进行判断匹配
  @Override
  public boolean matches(CharSequence charSequence, String s) {
  String encode = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes());
  boolean res = s.equals( encode );
  return res;
  }
 } );
 }
 @Override
 protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
 http.csrf().disable()
  //因为使用JWT，所以不需要HttpSession
  .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy( SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and()
  .authorizeRequests()
  //OPTIONS请求全部放行
  .antMatchers( HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
  //登录接口放行
  .antMatchers("/auth/login").permitAll()
  //其他接口全部接受验证
  .anyRequest().authenticated();
 //使用自定义的 Token过滤器 验证请求的Token是否合法
 http.addFilterBefore(authenticationTokenFilterBean(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
 http.headers().cacheControl();
 }
 @Bean
 public JwtTokenFilter authenticationTokenFilterBean() throws Exception {
 return new JwtTokenFilter();
 }
 @Bean
 @Override
 public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
 return super.authenticationManagerBean();
 }
}

JwtTokenUtil

/**
 * JWT 工具类
 */
@Component
public class JwtTokenUtil implements Serializable {
 private static final String CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME = "sub";
 /**
 * 5天(毫秒)
 */
 private static final long EXPIRATION_TIME = 432000000;
 /**
 * JWT密码
 */
 private static final String SECRET = "secret";
 /**
 * 签发JWT
 */
 public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
 Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(16);
 claims.put( CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME, userDetails.getUsername() );
 return Jwts.builder()
  .setClaims( claims )
  .setExpiration( new Date( Instant.now().toEpochMilli() + EXPIRATION_TIME ) )
  .signWith( SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET )
  .compact();
 }
 /**
 * 验证JWT
 */
 public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
 User user = (User) userDetails;
 String username = getUsernameFromToken( token );
 return (username.equals( user.getUsername() ) && !isTokenExpired( token ));
 }
 /**
 * 获取token是否过期
 */
 public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
 Date expiration = getExpirationDateFromToken( token );
 return expiration.before( new Date() );
 }
 /**
 * 根据token获取username
 */
 public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
 String username = getClaimsFromToken( token ).getSubject();
 return username;
 }
 /**
 * 获取token的过期时间
 */
 public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
 Date expiration = getClaimsFromToken( token ).getExpiration();
 return expiration;
 }
 /**
 * 解析JWT
 */
 private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
 Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
  .setSigningKey( SECRET )
  .parseClaimsJws( token )
  .getBody();
 return claims;
 }
}

JwtTokenFilter

@Component
public class JwtTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
 @Autowired
 private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
 @Autowired
 private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
 /**
 * 存放Token的Header Key
 */
 public static final String HEADER_STRING = "Authorization";
 @Override
 protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
 String token = request.getHeader( HEADER_STRING );
 if (null != token) {
  String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(token);
  if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
  UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
  if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(token, userDetails)) {
   UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
    userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
   authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(
    request));
   SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
  }
  }
 }
 chain.doFilter(request, response);
 }
}

AuthServiceImpl

@Service
public class AuthServiceImpl implements AuthService {
 @Autowired
 private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
 @Autowired
 private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
 @Autowired
 private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
 @Override
 public String login(String username, String password) {
 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken( username, password );
 Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken);
 SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
 UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername( username );
 String token = jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails);
 return token;
 }
}

关键代码就是这些，其他类代码参照后面提供的源码地址。

验证

登录，获取token

curl -X POST -d "username=admin&password=123456" http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth/login

返回

eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImV4cCI6MTU1NDQ1MzUwMX0.sglVeqnDGUL9pH1oP3Lh9XrdzJIS42VKBApd2nPJt7e1TKhCEY7AUfIXnzG9vc885_jTq4-h8R6YCtRRJzl8fQ

不带token访问资源

curl -X POST -d "name=zhangsan" http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin/hi

返回，拒绝访问

{
 "timestamp": "2019-03-31T08:50:55.894+0000",
 "status": 403,
 "error": "Forbidden",
 "message": "Access Denied",
 "path": "/auth/login"
}

携带token访问资源

curl -X POST -H "Authorization: eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImV4cCI6MTU1NDQ1MzUwMX0.sglVeqnDGUL9pH1oP3Lh9XrdzJIS42VKBApd2nPJt7e1TKhCEY7AUfIXnzG9vc885_jTq4-h8R6YCtRRJzl8fQ" -d "name=zhangsan" http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin/hi

返回正确

hi zhangsan , you have 'admin' role

源码

https://github.com/gf-huanchupk/SpringBootLearning/tree/master/springboot-jwt

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Spring Boot Security 结合 JWT 实现无状态的分布式API接口，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对鸟哥教程(niaoge.com)网站的支持！

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