实例讲解Python中的私有属性

在Python中可以通过在属性变量名前加上双下划线定义属性为私有属性,如例子:


#! encoding=UTF-8

 

class A:

    def __init__(self):

         

        # 定义私有属性

        self.__name = "wangwu"

         

        # 普通属性定义

        self.age = 19

         

a = A()

 

# 正常输出

print a.age

 

# 提示找不到属性

print a.__name


执行输出:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:\Users\lee\Documents\Aptana Studio 3 Workspace\testa\a.py", line 19, in <module>

    print a.__name

AttributeError: A instance has no attribute '__name'


访问私有属性__name时居然提示找不到属性成员而不是提示权限之类的,于是当你这么写却不报错:

#! encoding=UTF-8

 

class A:

    def __init__(self):

         

        # 定义私有属性

        self.__name = "wangwu"

         

        # 普通属性定义

        self.age = 19

         

 

a = A()

 

a.__name = "lisi"

print a.__name


执行结果:
1
lisi
在Python中就算继承也不能相互访问私有变量,如:

#! encoding=UTF-8

 

class A:

    def __init__(self):

         

        # 定义私有属性

        self.__name = "wangwu"

         

        # 普通属性定义

        self.age = 19

         

 

class B(A):

    def sayName(self):

        print self.__name

         

 

b = B()

b.sayName()


执行结果:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:\Users\lee\Documents\Aptana Studio 3 Workspace\testa\a.py", line 19, in <module>

    b.sayName()

  File "C:\Users\lee\Documents\Aptana Studio 3 Workspace\testa\a.py", line 15, in sayName

    print self.__name

AttributeError: B instance has no attribute '_B__name'


或者父类访问子类的私有属性也不可以,如:

#! encoding=UTF-8

 

class A:

    def say(self):

        print self.name

        print self.__age

         

 

class B(A):

    def __init__(self):

        self.name = "wangwu"

        self.__age = 20

 

b = B()

b.say()


执行结果:

wangwu

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:\Users\lee\Documents\Aptana Studio 3 Workspace\testa\a.py", line 15, in <module>

    b.say()

  File "C:\Users\lee\Documents\Aptana Studio 3 Workspace\testa\a.py", line 6, in say

    print self.__age

AttributeError: B instance has no attribute '_A__age'