Docker是一个开源项目，可以自动在软件容器内部署应用程序。该容器允许开发人员打包所有项目资源，例如库，依赖项，资产等。Docker用Go编程语言编写，由Dotcloud开发。它基本上是一个容器引擎，使用诸如命名空间和控制组之类的Linux内核功能在操作系统之上创建容器，并自动在容器上部署应用程序。
在安装Docker之前，它应该需要更新的软件包。要更新软件包，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo apt-get update使用以下命令将官方Docker存储库的GPG密钥添加到系统-
$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D样本输出应如下所示–
Executing: /tmp/tmp.akuLSrhQz8/gpg.1.sh --keyserver
hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80
--recv-keys
58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D
gpg: requesting key 2C52609D from hkp server p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net
gpg: key 2C52609D: public key "Docker Release Tool (releasedocker) <docker@docker.com>" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)要将Docker存储库添加到APT源，请使用以下命令–
$ echo "deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list要使用新添加的存储库中的Docker软件包更新软件包数据库，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo apt-get update确保要从Docker存储库而不是默认Ubuntu存储库进行安装。要验证它，请使用以下命令–
$ apt-cache policy docker-engine样本输出应如下所示–
docker-engine:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 1.11.1-0~xenial
Version table:
1.11.1-0~xenial 500
500 https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial/main amd64 Packages
1.11.0-0~xenial 500
500 https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial/main amd64 Packages请注意，未安装docker-engine，要安装Docker-engine，请使用以下命令-
$ sudo apt-get install -y docker-engine样本输出应如下所示–
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
apport-hooks-elementary contractor libgda-5.0-4 libgda-5.0-common
libgranite-common libgranite3 libgsignon-glib1 libindicate5 libnoise-core0
libtagc0 mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount
The following NEW packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount docker-engine
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded.
Need to get 14.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 73.7 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:3.2+20130722-1.1ubuntu1 [92.9 kB]
..............................................................................................要检查docker是否已启动，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo systemctl status docker样本输出应如下所示–
docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: e
Active: active (running) since Mon 2016-05-23 10:36:08 IST; 5min ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com Main PID: 14186 (docker)
Tasks: 20 (limit: 512)
Memory: 21.5M
CPU: 385ms
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
├─14186 /usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd://
└─14204 docker-containerd -l /var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-con
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.169666150+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.261017824+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.469630404+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.829495384+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.830931516+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.831009718+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.831055091+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.831113464+05:30"
May 23 10:36:08 linux systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
May 23 10:36:08 linux docker[14186]: time="2016-05-23T10:36:08.855330148+05:30要启动Docker服务，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo service docker start要查看Docker的所有可用子命令，请使用以下命令–
$ docker样本输出应如下所示–
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
docker daemon [ --help | ... ]
docker [ --help | -v | --version ]
A self-sufficient runtime for containers.
Options:
--config=~/.docker Location of client config files
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host=[] Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-h, --help Print usage
-l, --log-level=info Set the logging level
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem Trust certs signed only by this CA
--tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Commands:
attach Attach to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on a container or image
kill Kill a running container
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
network Manage Docker networks
pause Pause all processes within a container
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart a container
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop a running container
tag Tag an image into a repository
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within a container
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
volume Manage Docker volumes
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code您可以使用docker命令和search子命令来搜索Docker Hub上可用的映像。
$ sudo docker search ubuntu样本输出应如下所示–
NAME
AUTOMATED DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL
ubuntu Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s... 3953 [OK]
ubuntu-upstart Upstart is an event-based replacement for ... 62 [OK]
rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd
[OK] Dockerized SSH service, built on top of of... 26
torusware/speedus-ubuntu
[OK] Always updated official Ubuntu docker imag... 26
ubuntu-debootstrap
[OK] debootstrap --variant=minbase --components... 24 [OK]
nickistre/ubuntu-lamp
[OK] LAMP server on Ubuntu 6 [OK]
nickistre/ubuntu-lamp-wordpress
[OK] LAMP on Ubuntu with wp-cli installed 5 [OK]
nuagebec/ubuntu
[OK] Simple always updated Ubuntu docker images... 4
nimmis/ubuntu
[OK] This is a docker images different LTS vers... 4
maxexcloo/ubuntu
[OK] Docker base image built on Ubuntu with Sup... 2
partlab/ubuntu
[OK] Simple Ubuntu docker images. 1
darksheer/ubuntu
[OK] Base Ubuntu Image -- Updated hourly 1
admiringworm/ubuntu
[OK] Base ubuntu images based on the official u... 1
jordi/ubuntu
[OK] UbuntuBase Image 1
webhippie/ubuntu
[OK] Docker images for ubuntu 0
teamrock/ubuntu TeamRock's
[OK] Ubuntu image configured with AW... 0
esycat/ubuntu
[OK] Ubuntu LTS 0
life360/ubuntu
[OK] Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s... 0
widerplan/ubuntu
[OK] Our basic Ubuntu images. 0
konstruktoid/ubuntu
[OK] Ubuntu base image 0
lynxtp/ubuntu
[OK] https://github.com/lynxtp/docker-ubuntu 0
datenbetrieb/ubuntu
[OK] custom flavor of the official ubuntu base ... 0
ustclug/ubuntu
[OK] ubuntu image for docker with USTC mirror 0
uvatbc/ubuntu
[OK] Ubuntu images with unprivileged user 0
rallias/ubuntu
[OK] Ubuntu with the needful 0要查看已下载到计算机的图像，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo docker images样本输出应如下所示：
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest 94df4f0ce8a4 3 weeks ago 967 B要运行Docker容器，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo docker run -it hello-world上面的命令运行hello-word容器。样本输出应该是这样的–
Hello from Docker.
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker Hub account:
https://hub.docker.comFor more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/要列出Docker容器，请使用以下命令–
$ sudo docker ps样本输出应如下所示–
CONTAINER ID PORTS IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS NAMES
f7c79cc556dd ubuntu "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Up 3 hours silly_spence在阅读完本文之后，您将能够理解–如何在Ubuntu 16.04上安装和使用Docker，我们将提供更多基于Linux的技巧和窍门。继续阅读！