当超类方法在覆盖它时引发异常时,您需要遵循某些规则。
如果超类方法引发某些异常,则子类中的方法应引发相同的异常或其子类型。
在下面的示例中,readFile()
超类的方法将引发IOEXception,readFile()
而子类的方法将引发FileNotFoundException异常。
由于FileNotFoundException异常是IOException的子类型,因此该程序得以编译和执行,没有任何错误。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super { public String readFile(String path) throws IOException { throw new IOException(); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super { @Override public String readFile(String path) throws FileNotFoundException { Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File("E://test//sample.txt")); String input; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); while (sc.hasNextLine()) { input = sc.nextLine(); sb.append(" "+input); } return sb.toString(); } public static void main(String args[]) { String path = "E://test//sample.txt"; ExceptionsExample obj = new ExceptionsExample(); try { System.out.println(obj.readFile(path)); }catch(FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Make sure the specified file exists"); } } }
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以相同的方式,如果子类抛出与超类相同的异常,则程序将成功编译并执行。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super { public void sampleMethod()throws FileNotFoundException { System.out.println("Method of superclass"); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super { public void sampleMethod()throws FileNotFoundException { System.out.println("Method of Subclass"); } public static void main(String args[]) { ExceptionsExample obj = new ExceptionsExample(); obj.sampleMethod(); } }
Method of Subclass
如果超类方法抛出某些异常,则子类中的方法不应抛出其超类型。
在下面的示例readFile()
中,超类的方法将引发FileNotFoundException异常,readFile()
而子类的方法将引发IOException,这是FileNotFoundException的超类型。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super { public String readFile(String path)throws FileNotFoundException { throw new FileNotFoundException(); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super { @Override public String readFile(String path)throws IOException { //方法主体......- } }
在编译时,上述程序为您提供以下输出-
ExceptionsExample.java:13: error: readFile(String) in ExceptionsExample cannot override readFile(String) in Sup public String readFile(String path)throws IOException { ^ overridden method does not throw IOException 1 error
如果超类方法引发某些异常,则可以覆盖它而不引发任何异常。
在下面的示例sampleMethod()
中,超类的方法将引发FileNotFoundException异常,并且该sampleMethod()
方法完全不会引发任何异常。该程序仍然可以编译并执行,没有任何错误。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super { public void sampleMethod()throws FileNotFoundException { System.out.println("Method of superclass"); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super { public void sampleMethod() { System.out.println("Method of Subclass"); } public static void main(String args[]) { ExceptionsExample obj = new ExceptionsExample(); obj.sampleMethod(); } }
Method of Subclass